The Impact Of Neuropsychology On The Christian Faith

The Christian faith is pluralistic, meaning, â€Å"There [are] as many ways to love God as there [are] Christian souls† (Salzman, 2000, p.77). This reaches greater complexity when considering the impact of neuropsychology on the Christian faith. People experience God in a plethora of ways, but what about seemingly brain induced experiences? Salzman (2000) describes the journey of Sister John, a nun at the Carmelite convent in Los Angeles. She experiences headaches that develop into deep spiritual episodes, which her doctor later informs her, are the symptoms of her recurring seizures. Sister John has temporal-lobe epilepsy and her doctor explains that it, â€Å"tend[s] to be more psychological† (Salzman, 2000, p.68). Sister John’s spiritual episodes were presumably caused by her medical condition. So, were all of her spiritual encounters with God a lie? Was her faith a fabrication? The implication of these questions can be quite troubling for the Christian faith. Is God simply a manifestation created within our minds? Objects exist because they exist within the realm of our senses. If we cannot trust our senses, then what truly exists outside of ourselves? Sister John describes a memory of her being drawn into service at the convent. She attended an early morning mass on Christmas Day when something odd happened. If one looks closely, she describes experiences of depersonalization, â€Å"Instead of feeling trapped in a theater showing a bad movie, she saw herself as the projector†Show MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesWanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management: Christian Holdener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other

The Odyssey, Analysis of Hubris, Ate, Nemesis Free Essays

The Cycle That Continues Today Many people get off a plane and think that was a terrible trip because the security lines were long, the flight was delayed, and the food was terrible. Odysseus’ journey is guaranteed to be a hundred times harder. He spends ten years trying to get home after the Trojan War and has a series of mishaps along the way. We will write a custom essay sample on The Odyssey, Analysis of Hubris, Ate, Nemesis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Homer, who was a famous bard in Ancient Greece, tells Odysseus’ story in the epic poem, the Odyssey. Throughout the poem, many characters go through the cycle of Hubris, Ate, and Nemesis, causing hardships that never needed to happen, and their mistakes teach readers lessons. The cycle begins when a character is arrogant, acts upon it, and then gets punished based on their actions. Iros, a beggar, decides that he doesn’t want to share the space with Odysseus, who he thinks is a weak old beggar, but he pays in the end. The suitor, Antinoos, leads the pack of men taking over Odysseus’ castle; he dies for his disloyal actions toward the king. Finally, Odysseus’ plan to return to Ithaka is slowed by over eight years after he angers Poseidon’s son by being arrogant. Iros isn’t closely related to the suitors or Odysseus but he still goes through the cycle. Iros’ experience with the cycle results in a loss of food and shelter after he commits his Ate. Iros meets an old and weak beggar whom he thinks he is better than because he is much younger and looks stronger. Then, during his Ate, he challenges the beggar to a fight for the castle‘s Great Hall. In his Nemesis, the beggar, who is actually Odysseus, breaks his jaw in the first punch and then hurts his leg with just a quick kick. Readers can learn through Iros not to judge others by their looks or age. Before the fight, Iros encourages the suitors to pay attention and cheer him on. Iros tells Odysseus, â€Å"Clear-out grandfather or be hauled by the ankle bone. See them all giving me the wink? That means, ‘Go on and drag him out! ’ I hate to do it. Up with you! Or would you like a fist fight† (Fitzgerald 335). When Iros commits his Ate, he angers Odysseus by insulting him. This shows that people should learn to share, and not take advantage of elders. The cycle continues throughout the story in Antinoos. During Odysseus’ absence, Antinoos thinks he can take over the castle and his wife; this causes him to lose his life. When Odysseus doesn’t return from the Trojan War, people begin to question if he is alive or not. Antinoos and the other suitors decide to take advantage of this opportunity by invading the castle. His Ate is committed when they drink Odysseus’ wine, slaughter his cattle, and mistreat Penelope, Odysseus’ wife, and the other servants. When Odysseus finally returns, still disguised as a beggar, Antinoos throws a chair at him. In the end, his nemesis is being the first suitor to die, since he is the leader of the pack. Readers can learn not to take advantage of others or take what has not been earned. Odysseus and his most trusted servants lock the suitors in the Great Hall, in order to try to kill them. Homer writes, â€Å"He drew the cruel head of an arrow for Antinoos just as the young man leaned to lift his beautiful cup†¦ Odysseus hit him under the chin and punched up the feather through his throat† (Fitzgerald 409). Antinoos’ Nemesis is death at the hand of Odysseus’ arrow, and it is revenge for taking over his castle. Although Odysseus causes the Nemesis of Iros and Antinoos, he experiences the cycle himself. Even though Odysseus is considered the hero of the poem, he still goes through the Hubris, Ate, and Nemesis cycle. In order to escape Polyphemos’ cave, where he is trapped, Odysseus blinds the Kyklopes. After escaping the cave, he boards the ship and with arrogance reveals his name and where he is from. In anger, the Kyklopes asks his dad, Poseidon, to punish Odysseus by making it almost impossible to return to Ithaka, Odysseus’ home, this is his Nemesis. The lesson the reader can learn is that boasting can get in the way of the ultimate goal. Bragging makes others even more mad, and they try to get revenge. Odysseus couldn’t just leave quietly. Polyphemos tells his dad everything he knows and how to punish him. He yells, â€Å"Oh hear me lord, blue girdler of the islands, if I am thine indeed, and thou art father: grant that Odysseus, raider of cities, never see his home again. Laertes son, I mean, who kept his hall on Ithaka. Should destiny intend that he shall see his roof again among his family in his fathers land, far be that day, and dark the years between. Let him lose all companions, and return under strange sail to biter days home† (Fitzgerald 161). Polyphemos determines Odysseus’ fate. It takes ten years for him to return home finally. All of his crew dies, and when he arrives, he finds that suitors have invaded his castle. The lessons learned from Odysseus’ mistakes are important for people today, not only for people the past. Arrogance can’t always be controlled, and still today self-importance gets in the way of peoples life goals. The Odyssey’s exciting adventure teaches lessons about life and human nature. None of the characters are perfect, so this allows people to relate to their personalities and mistakes, keeping this poem popular. How to cite The Odyssey, Analysis of Hubris, Ate, Nemesis, Papers

Audit and Assurance Service Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Evaluate any threats in relation to Auditor Independence. 2.Identify any safeguards to threats. 3.In relation to the purchasing of equipment and spare parts, describe two business risks to MSL that Crampton and Hasaad will consider in planning the 2015 audit. 3.Identiy of Account Balances that are impacted directly by the Audit Risk. Answers: An auditors independence is defined as the statue of the auditors being able to give his or her opinion regarding the quality of financial statements without his judgement being altered by any economic, financial and any other significant relationship with the company being audited (THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS OF BANGLADESH CPE Seminar, 2008). 1.In the past 10 years, the auditing firm Clarke and Johnson (CJ) has been the auditor of Luxury Travel Holidays (LTH). This causes rise to the familiarity threat since because of longer working relationship the audit firm managers can develop a close relationship with the LTH firm managers. This has the effect of making the auditors firm employees to be sympathetic to the interest of the LTH managers more than that of the shareholders. In addition, Michael, an auditing firms team has his dad as the as a member of the LTH accounting department tasked with preparing the financial reports which we are supposed to audit (THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS OF BANGLADESH CPE Seminar, 2008). This close relationship is also a form of familiarity threat to our independence. Also, the managers of the LTH are offering me and Geoff family a holiday gift stating it to be a sign of sincerity. But due to the large cost of the trip it may generate a self-interest threat to our job as the auditors as our opinion may be interfered with by need to protect the LTH managers to avoid losing the travel gift. The situation has also indicated an intimidation threat. The LTH managers are offering to recommend the appointment of our firm on the condition that Geoff help give a talk in their annual seminar to help promote LTH. This condition will be a threat to our work since our opinion may be taken to be biased by third parties by the virtue that Geoff an auditing partner is participating in promoting the firm something which will directly benefit the LTH managers. This promotion if undertaken on the other end will generate an advocacy threat. Introduction of Annette to the auditing team will generate a self-review threat to our independence. Annette was in the past three months working with LTH to prepare the tax entries in the account something we are supposed to go and audit. This means her presence in the team will interfere with our judgement of the quality of the tax information in the financial statements. 2.It is the responsibility of the auditing firm management to ensure that the firm is independent form any factor that might interfere with their judgement. After identifying the independency threats this are the possible measures that should be taken to safeguard the firms independence (Siegel, 2002). Before we go ahead and accept being the auditor of LTH in the 2015 financial year we should reach the LTHs audit committee and air our view regarding the management demand of Geoff taking promotional tasks for us to be recommended as the preferred auditor. Their offer of a travel gift should only be notified to the audit committee to erase any independence issue that may arise because of accepting the gift should our firm be approved (Blann, 2012). Should we accept the task to audit the firm it will be appropriate to select a different team from that of the past auditing team this will eliminate the familiarity threat generated by continuing association with the client for the past 10 years. As an audit manager for the firm in charge of the LTH auditing for the past 10 years am recommending my role be changed and another person take charge to take care of any doubts into my independence brought about by the continuing working amidst the LTH staff. Annette and Michael should be moved from the audit team to clear the self-review threat and the familiarity threat respectively brought about by Annette working with the LTH to prepare the financial statements we are auditing. Also, Michaels dad being a senior worker in the LTH firm might be viewed by third party as a threat to our independence since he is in apposition to influence Michaels work during the auditing process. Considering that Annette helped in the tax entries in the LTH books she may generate a self-interest regarding protecting the quality of her job as a consultant of the LTH taxation department, her elimination from the team is highly recommended. Furthermore, the management of the CJ should put in place policies that enables the workers present issues interfering with their independence as auditors team members to the senior staff without fear. Lastly should CJ be approved to audit the 2015 financial statements we should appoint another independent body to review our auditing work and advice accordingly. 3.Business risk is the situations that might hinder the firm from attaining its objectives. They may be from external sources or from within the firms management decisions (Fazal, 2012). In relation to the purchasing of equipment and spare parts the risks involve might be: exchange rate fluctuations, Mining and Suppliers Limited (MSL) operations are based in Australia yet it relies on equipment and spare parts supplied from Europe, US and China. This dependency in imports exposes the operations of the MSL to exchange rate volatility something which might generate cash flow issues in the firm. This fluctuations in the exchange rate might cause increase in profits or sometimes losses hence failure to meet the business target (International Standard on Auditing (UK and IRELAND), 2010). Also, the full reliance on inventory from abroad may be associated with transportation issues. Unless the MSL have policies which enable keep excess stoke their operations might easily be affected by problems affecting transportation such as grounding of aeroplanes or increase in charges due to increasing cost of energy. Hence in planning the audit the Crampton and Hasaad should consider these issues being that the firm entirely relies on imports (Luskova, 2011). 4.Audit risk is the presence of fraud and errors in the financial statements that the auditor fails to detect leading to him giving a misleading opinion (Anderson, 2012). Audit risks that will be associated with the foreign exchange rate issues will include indication of non-realized loss due to foreign currency reassessment. Resulting into foreign exchange denominated loans something which will weaken forint compared to hard monies. Also, there will be possible currency losses which the accounting department fails to transfer to selling prices. The effect will be rising prices caused by unhedged purchases hence leading to decline in demand. This will have an impact on the expenses account due to losses unaccounted for. The auditor might miss identification of such details as they are entirely not featured in the financial statements and as a result come up with misleading opinion. In addition, non-realized loss on forward, option and swap deals. This can only be taken care in the preceding accounting period provided hedge accounting is not applied. The losses resulting from foreign exchange may minimise the companys participation in public procurements. This is because it, may not be able to comply with the requirements necessary for obtaining tenders (INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING, AUDITING AND ETHICS, 2015)s. this information requires specialists to identify. Without proper attention, the auditor may fail to detect it. The transportation problems may also create some form of audit risks which may include. A possibility of the transport cost consumed by repairs of equipment because of warranty condition being reflected the books to increase cost of sales this causes miss interpretations on the business sales figure. Also, some remotely located clients might liaise with the firm employees and obtain maintenance and repairs under the pretence of warranty agreement yet the warranty condition if not met. This will result in misstatements of the repair expenses. Should the auditor not express due diligence in identifying these errors an audit risk may end up occurring due to this. The equipment and spare parts are supplied directly to the operational centres by the manufactures but the finance services are offered by the finance services. This delegation of duties may cause billing of excess or less invoice. Being that the head office only relies on the operational centres and pays for the goods without physically seeing them there is the risk of the firm purchasing the wrong quantity from the budgeted one. The effect is that the inventory as indicated by the financial statements may fail to show the exact cost. References Anderson, A. W., 2012. Undestanding audit risks and discussing them with your client. s.l.:Anderson's audit express. Blann, S. W., 2012. AUDITOR INDEPENDENCE in the public sector, Revisited. s.l.:Government Finance review. Fazal, H., 2012. Difference between business risk, inherent risk, control risk, detection risk and audit risk, s.l.: Paka accountants. INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING, AUDITING AND ETHICS, 2015. Risk assessment and internal controls: continuing challenges for auditors, s.l.: ICAEW. International Standard on Auditing (UK and IRELAND), 2010. IDENTIFYING AND ASSSESSING THE RISK OF MATERIAL MISSTATEMENT THROUGH UNDERSTANDING THE ENTITY AND ITS ENVIRONMENT, s.l.: s.n. Luskova, K. B. a. M., 2011. Components of Risk Management in Transport Company. VI(5). Siegel, W. T. A. a. A., 2002. Threats and Safeguards in the Determination of Auditor Independence, s.l.: Washington University Law Review. THE INSTITUTE OF CHARTERED ACCOUNTANTS OF BANGLADESH CPE Seminar, 2008. Auditor Independence-Threats and Safeguards. Dhaka, Sabbir Ahmed.